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Sweeteners, High-Intensity

Chemical Economics Handbook

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Published December 2023

High-intensity sweeteners (HIS) are a structurally diverse set of compounds that share an important attribute: they are much sweeter than sucrose (table sugar). Unlike sugar, HIS are noncaloric and noncariogenic (they do not contribute to dental caries). Most HIS — including acesulfame K, aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin and sucralose — are artificial sweeteners, produced by chemical synthesis; a few, including stevia and monk fruit extract, are natural products.

Worldwide consumption of HIS is largely dependent on the production of diet carbonated soft drinks and food. Beverages make up the majority of world HIS consumption; other important end uses include food, tabletop sweeteners, personal care products (mainly toothpaste and mouthwash) and pharmaceuticals. A few HIS have industrial applications as well; saccharin, for example, is used in electroplating and cyclamate serves as a fruit-ripening agent.

The following pie chart shows world consumption of high-intensity sweeteners in 2023:

The outlook for high-intensity sweetener consumption during 2023–28 varies by region and by sweetener. Demand for the most mature, highest-volume HIS — cyclamate — is increasing in Asia (excluding mainland China), the Middle East and Africa, but stagnant or declining in the Americas, Europe and mainland China because of a shift to more intensely sweet HIS. Consumption of two other mature sweeteners — saccharin and aspartame — is flat or declining in several regions as well. In contrast, consumption of acesulfame K, sucralose, and stevia extract is growing in all regions; sucralose is experiencing especially robust demand growth.

Consumption of natural HIS such as stevia and monk fruit extract is expected to increase at above-average rates during 2023–28, largely because of consumer preferences for natural sweeteners. Nonetheless, their share of the total HIS market remains small. The increased availability of next-generation stevia sweeteners with improved taste profiles will support continued demand growth.

For more detailed information, see the table of contents, shown below.

S&P Global’s Chemical Economics Handbook –High-Intensity Sweeteners is the comprehensive and trusted guide for anyone seeking information on this industry. This latest report details global and regional information, including

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S&P Global’s Chemical Economics Handbook –High-Intensity Sweeteners has been compiled using primary interviews with key suppliers and organizations, and leading representatives from the industry in combination with S&P Global’s unparalleled access to upstream and downstream market intelligence and expert insights into industry dynamics, trade, and economics.

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Table of Contents

Section Page Number

Executive summary9
Summary12
Consumption in food and beverages 14
Supply/demand for major high-intensity sweeteners20
Cyclamate 20
Saccharin 22
Aspartame 24
Acesulfame K 26
Sucralose 28
Stevia extract 30
Outlook 32
Introduction35
Acesulfame K 35
Advantame 35
Aspartame 36
Cyclamate 37
Glycyrrhizin 37
Monk fruit extract 38
Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone 38
Neotame 39
Saccharin 39
Stevia extract 39
Sucralose 40
Thaumatin 41
Manufacturing processes42
Acesulfame K 42
Aspartame 42
Cyclamate 43
Glycyrrhizin 44
Monk fruit extract 44
Saccharin 45
Toluene or R-F process 45
Phthalic anhydride process 46
Stevia extract 48
Sucralose 48
Regulatory status50
United States 50
Acesulfame K 51
Advantame 51
Aspartame 52
Cyclamate 52
Monk fruit extract 52
Neotame 52
Saccharin 52
Stevia extract 53
Sucralose 53
Thaumatin 53
Canada 53
Mexico 54
Central and South America 55
Western Europe 55
Japan 58
Mainland China 59
Supply and demand by region61
United States 61
Producing companies 61
Salient statistics 62
Production 62
Consumption 63
Aspartame 68
Beverages 68
Tabletop sweeteners 70
Food and other 70
Saccharin 70
Personal care products 71
Tabletop sweeteners 71
Industrial applications 72
Beverages 72
Food 72
Other 72
Acesulfame K 72
Beverages 73
Food, tabletop sweeteners, and other 74
Sucralose 74
Beverages 75
Food 75
Tabletop sweeteners 75
Other 75
Stevia extract 75
Beverages 76
Tabletop sweeteners 76
Food and other 76
Cyclamate 77
Other 78
Monk fruit extract 78
Other 78
Price 79
Trade 79
Acesulfame K 79
Aspartame 80
Cyclamate 82
Saccharin 82
Stevia extract 83
Sucralose 84
Other 86
Canada 87
Salient statistics 87
Consumption 87
Trade 90
Aspartame 90
Saccharin 91
Sucralose 92
Mexico 92
Producing companies 92
Salient statistics 92
Consumption 93
Trade 95
Acesulfame K 95
Aspartame 96
Saccharin 97
Stevia extract 97
Sucralose 98
Other 100
Monk fruit extract 100
Neotame 101
Other 101
Central and South America 101
Producing companies 101
Salient statistics 103
Consumption 103
Trade 106
Acesulfame K 106
Aspartame 107
Cyclamate 108
Saccharin 110
Stevia extract 111
Sucralose 113
Western Europe 113
Producing companies 114
Production 115
Acesulfame K 116
Aspartame 116
Cyclamate 117
Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone 117
Saccharin 117
Stevia extract 117
Sucralose 118
Thaumatin 118
Salient statistics 119
Consumption 119
Acesulfame K 122
Aspartame 124
Cyclamate 125
Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone 126
Saccharin 126
Steviol glycosides 128
Sucralose 129
Beverages 130
Food and tabletop sweeteners 131
Thaumatin 131
Price 132
Trade 133
Acesulfame K 133
Aspartame 133
Cyclamate 134
Saccharin 135
Sucralose 137
Central and Eastern Europe 137
Salient statistics 137
Consumption 138
Trade 141
Middle East 144
Producing companies 145
Salient statistics 145
Consumption 146
Trade 149
Africa 151
Salient statistics 152
Consumption 153
Trade 156
Indian Subcontinent 159
Producing companies 159
Salient statistics 160
Consumption 161
Price 164
Trade 165
Mainland China 166
Producing companies 166
Salient statistics 168
Consumption 169
Acesulfame K 171
Aspartame 172
Glycyrrhizin 173
Saccharin 174
Stevia extract (stevioside, reb A) 175
Sucralose 176
Other 177
Monk fruit extract 177
Neotame 178
Neohesperidin 178
Advantame 178
Price 178
Trade 179
Acesulfame K 179
Aspartame 180
Cyclamate 180
Glycyrrhizin 181
Saccharin 182
Sucralose 182
Northeast Asia 183
Japan 183
Producing companies 183
Salient statistics 185
Consumption 186
Acesulfame K 188
Aspartame 189
Licorice extracts and glycyrrhizin 189
Saccharin 190
Stevia extract 191
Sucralose 192
Other 193
Price 193
Trade 194
Acesulfame K 194
Aspartame 194
Licorice extracts 195
Saccharin 196
South Korea 197
Producing companies 197
Salient statistics 198
Consumption 199
Trade 201
Taiwan 201
Salient statistics 201
Consumption 202
Trade 204
Southeast Asia and Oceania 204
Indonesia 204
Producing companies 204
Salient statistics 205
Consumption 206
Price 208
Trade 209
Other Southeast Asia and Oceania 210
Producing companies 210
Salient statistics 211
Consumption 212
Trade 214
Appendix — geographic regions216
Additional resources217
Revisions218
Data Workbook219

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