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Fluorocarbons

Chemical Economics Handbook

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Published August 2023

Fluorocarbons analyzed in this report include fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs). CFCs and HCFCs are recognized as ozonedepleting substances (ODS). HFCs, while not contributing to ozone depletion, are recognized as potent greenhouse gases with a global warming potential (GWP) many times that of carbon dioxide. The new generation HFOs are not recognized as ODS and have an extremely low GWP; consequently, they have seen rapid growth in consumption as replacements for traditional products in applications including air-conditioning systems, refrigerants, foam blowing agents and aerosol propellants.

Global consumption of fluorocarbons will continue to grow at an average annual growth rate of 2.3% per year during 2023–28. HCFC consumption account for about half of the global market and are expected to grow at an average rate of 3.2%. HFC consumption will stagnate at best, with mainland China and other Asian markets counterbalancing the shrinkage of the developed markets of the United States, Europe and Japan. Consumption of HFOs will grow at an average annual rate of about 8% in the forecast period, aiming the growing conversion of fluorocarbon refrigerants and foam-blowing manufacturing toward hydrocarbon technologies.

In 2023, mainland China, North America and Europe were responsible for about three quarters of total fluorocarbons consumption.

The following pie chart shows world consumption of fluorocarbons in 2023:

Overall, polymer precursors will drive the future fluorocarbons market. In marked contrast to other fluorocarbon segments, polymer precursors have shown strong growth since 1990. The use of fluorocarbons for solvent cleaning and flexible polyurethane foam, as well as the very large European aerosol market, was virtually eliminated in the 1990s during a transition to not-in-kind replacement processes and chemicals.

For more detailed information, see the table of contents, shown below.

S&P Global’s Chemical Economics Handbook – Fluorocarbons is the comprehensive and trusted guide for anyone seeking information on this industry. This latest report details global and regional information, including

Key benefits

S&P Global’s Chemical Economics Handbook – Fluorocarbons has been compiled using primary interviews with key suppliers and organizations, and leading representatives from the industry in combination with S&P Global’s unparalleled access to upstream and downstream market intelligence and expert insights into industry dynamics, trade and economics.

This report can help you

  • Identify trends and driving forces influencing chemical markets
  • Forecast and plan for future demand
  • Understand the impact of competing materials
  • Identify and evaluate potential customers and competitors
  • Evaluate producers
  • Track changing prices and trade movements
  • Analyze the impact of feedstocks, regulations and other factors on chemical profitability
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Table of Contents

Section Page Number

Executive summary 6
Summary 7
Industry structure and dynamics 17
Introduction and nomenclature 20
Environmental issues 26
Montreal Protocol and ozone depletion 26
Kyoto Protocol and global warming 27
Montreal Protocol and climate protection (Kigali Amendment) 29
United States 31
EPA regulations 31
New substitute for HFC-134a in motor vehicle air conditioning 3636
Reclamation and reuse 36
European Union 37
Mainland China 42
CFC phaseout 43
HCFC phaseout 46
HFC phasedown 47
Japan 47
Developing countries 49
Manufacturing processes 50
Supply and demand by region 53
North America 53
Producing companies 53
Salient statistics 55
Consumption 59
Refrigeration and air conditioning 62
Commercial and industrial refrigeration 70
Stationary air conditioning 72
Mobile air conditioning 72
Household refrigerators and freezers 74
Polymer precursors 74
Fluoropolymers 76
Fluoroelastomers 77
Foam blowing agents 78
Aerosol propellants 82
Solvent cleaning 84
Other 86
Price 86
Trade 87
United States 87
Canada 89
Mexico 89
Central and South America 90
Producing companies 90
Salient statistics 91
Consumption 92
Trade 94
Europe 94
Producing companies 95
Salient statistics 96
Production 99
Consumption 99
Polymer precursors 103
Fluoropolymers 106
Fluoroelastomers 107
Refrigeration and air conditioning 107
Mobile air conditioning 110
Stationary air-conditioning systems 110
Refrigeration 111
Foam blowing agents 112
Extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) 114
Polyurethane boards 114
Polyurethane flexible foams 114
Polyurethane spray foams 114
Appliances 114
Aerosol propellants 115
Solvent cleaning and other 116
Price 118
Trade 118
Imports 118
Exports 119
Other Europe and Eurasia 120
Producing companies 120
Salient statistics 121
Consumption 123
Trade 124
Middle East 126
Consumption 126
Trade 127
Africa 129
Consumption 130
Trade 130
Mainland China 132
Producing companies 132
Salient statistics 140
HCFCs 141
HFCs 143
HFOs 144
Consumption 145
HCFCs by type 147
HCFC-22 147147
HCFC-141b 148148
HCFC-142b 148148
HCFCs by market 148
Polymer precursors 150
Refrigeration and air conditioning 152
Foam blowing agents 152
Solvent, aerosol and other 153
HFCs 153
HCFC-142b/VDF conversion 155155
Refrigeration and air conditioning 155
Foam blowing agents 156
Other 156
HFOs 156
Price 158
Trade 159
Northeast Asia 162
Producing companies 162
Japan 162
Other Northeast Asia 164
Salient statistics 165
Japan 165
Other Northeast Asia 168
Production 171
Consumption 172
Japan 174
Polymer precursors 176
Refrigeration and air conditioning 177
Foam blowing agents 177
Solvent cleaning 178
Aerosol propellants 179
Other Northeast Asia 179
Price 180
Trade 181
Imports 181
Exports 182
South Asia 183
Producing companies 183
Salient statistics 184
Consumption 187
Southeast Asia 189
Salient statistics 189
Consumption 192
Trade 194
Appendix I — Ozone depletion and fluorocarbons 195
Appendix II — Global warming and fluorocarbons 197
Appendix III — Geographic regions 199
Additional resources 200
Revisions 201
Data Workbook 202

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