Customer Logins

Obtain the data you need to make the most informed decisions by accessing our extensive portfolio of information, analytics, and expertise. Sign in to the product or service center of your choice.

Customer Logins

My Logins

All Customer Logins
S&P Global
Explore S&P Global
  • S&P Global
  • S&P Dow Jones Indices
  • S&P Global Market Intelligence
  • S&P Global Mobility
  • S&P Global Commodity Insights
  • S&P Global Ratings
  • S&P Global Sustainable1
Close
Discover more about S&P Global’s offerings.
Investor Relations
  • Investor Relations Overview
  • Presentations
  • Investor Fact Book
  • News Releases
  • Quarterly Earnings
  • SEC Filings & Reports
  • Executive Committee
  • Merger Information
  • Governance
  • Stock & Dividends
  • Shareholder Services
  • Contact
English
  • Español
  • 中文网站
  • Português
  • 한국어
  • हिंदी
  • 日本語
Support
  • Get Support
  • System Notifications
  • Delivery Platforms
  • Regulatory Engagement
Login
  • Commodity Insights Login
  • Access IHS Markit Products
Register
logo Commodity Insights
  • Commodities
  • Products & Solutions
  • News & Research
  • Pricing & Benchmarks
  • Events
  • Sustainable1
  • Who We Are
  • S&P Global
  • S&P Dow Jones Indices
  • S&P Global Market Intelligence
  • S&P Global Mobility
  • S&P Global Commodity Insights
  • S&P Global Ratings
  • S&P Global Sustainable1
  • Oil Upstream LNG Natural Gas Electric Power Coal Shipping Chemicals Metals Agriculture
    Latest in Commodities
    Listen: Change Makers: Rodney Clemente, Energy Recovery

    Energy Recovery, with roots in the desalination industry, designs and manufactures energy-efficiency...

    India woos upstream oil and gas investors with changes on revenue sharing, fiscal incentives

    India has unveiled a new set of policies for its oil and gas sector, under which it aims to offer a...

    PACIFIC LNG: Key market indicators for July 14-18

    Platts JKM, the benchmark price reflecting LNG delivered to Northeast Asia, is expected to stay firm...

  • Agriculture & Food Biofuels Chemicals Fertilizers Clean Energy Technology Gas & Power Crude Oil Fuels & Refined Products LNG Steel & Metals Upstream & Midstream (Oil & Gas) Crop Science Carbon & Scenarios Shipping
    Capabilities
    Market Insights and Analytics CI Consulting Commodity Prices and Essential Market Data Real-Time News, Prices and Analysis Forward Curves and Risk Valuation Data
    Data and Distribution
  • Latest News Headlines All Topics Videos Podcasts Special Reports Infographics Insight Blog    Commodity Insights Magazine Commodity Insights LIVE
  • Our Methodology Methodology & Specifications Price Assessments Subscriber Notes Price Symbols Symbol Search & Directories Corrections Complaints
    References
    Market On Close Index Methodology Review & Change MOC Participation Guidelines Holiday Dunl.org SEE ALL REFERENCE TOOLS
  • All Events Webinars Conferences Methodology Education Training and eLearning Forums Conferences Live Global Energy Awards    CERAWeek
    Featured Events
    Webinars Watt's new in the current affairs of Battery Metals
    • 28 Aug 2025
    • Online
    Webinars APPEC 2025
    • 28 Aug 2025
    • Online
    Webinar Madrid Market Briefing
    • 16 Sep 2025
    • Madrid, Spain
  • Overview Contact Us Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues Commodity Insights LIVE

Ethanol

Chemical Economics Handbook

View Report for existing customers Go to Customer Login for existing customers
Learn more about Ethanol
Contact Sales
Contact Sales +1 844 301 7334

Published January 2021

Global consumption of ethanol will continue to grow at a moderate annual rate during 2020–25, driven primarily by Brazil and the United States, as well as by developing markets in Asia, particularly mainland China and India. Demand for fuel use, industrial applications, and alcoholic beverage production will vary by region, primarily based on the development of biofuel legislation, GHG reduction agenda, gasoline market potential, light-vehicle fleet composition, feedstock competitiveness, as well as consumer preferences for sustainable products and high-quality alcoholic drinks.

The following chart shows consumption of ethanol by major region:

Corporate activities in the ethanol industry remain dynamic, although the expansion pattern shifted from M&As to more organic growth in recent years. With the growth of the industry, the trend is toward larger operations that are financed through partners outside of the farming community, including public companies and private equity funds.

For more detailed information, see the table of contents, shown below.

S&P Global’s Chemical Economics Handbook – Ethanol is the comprehensive and trusted guide for anyone seeking information on this industry. This latest report details global and regional information, including

Key Benefits

S&P Global’s Chemical Economics Handbook – Ethanol has been compiled using primary interviews with key suppliers, organizations and leading representatives from the industry in combination with S&P Global’s unparalleled access to upstream and downstream market intelligence, expert insights into industry dynamics, trade and economics.

This report can help you:

  • Identify trends and driving forces influencing chemical markets
  • Forecast and plan for future demand
  • Understand the impact of competing materials
  • Identify and evaluate potential customers and competitors
  • Evaluate producers
  • Track changing prices and trade movements
  • Analyze the impact of feedstocks, regulations, and other factors on chemical profitability
Buy individual report now Contact:
customercare@ihsmarkit.com
Find the chemical expertise you need Contact a chemical expert or request a demo today.
GET STARTED

Table of Contents

Section Page Number

Executive summary 9
Summary 11
Introduction 17
Manufacturing processes 20
Synthetic production 20
Direct hydration of ethylene 20
Fischer-Tropsch conversion 20
Hydrogenation of acetic acid 21
Production by fermentation 21
Fermentation ethanol from traditional feedstocks 21
Wet milling process 22
Dry milling process 23
By-products 24
Cellulosic ethanol 25
Research and development 26
Major production cost components 28
Environmental and social issues 29
Regulatory status 31
United States 31
Brazil 33
Western Europe 35
Mainland China 36
Japan 37
India 38
Indonesia 39
Thailand 40
Supply and demand by region 41
United States 41
Producing companies 41
Salient statistics 63
Production 63
Consumption 65
Motor fuel 67
Legislation 19772004 69 1977,2004,69
Legislation 200506 71 2005,06,71
Legislation 200708 71 2007,08,71
Legislation 200911 74 2009,11,74
Legislation 201214 76 2012,14,76
Legislation 201520 76 2015,20,76
Future developments 77
Economic issues 79
Chemical raw materials 79
ETBE 80
Vinegar 80
Ethyl acrylate 81
Ethylamines 81
Ethyl acetate 82
Glycol ethers 82
Acetaldehyde 83
Alkoxylates 83
Other chemical uses 83
Solvent applications 84
Human consumption 86
Other 86
Price 86
Fuel ethanol 86
Industrial ethanol 88
Trade 89
Canada 91
Producing companies 91
Production 95
Consumption 95
Trade 96
Mexico 97
Brazil 98
Producing companies 98
Salient statistics 102
Production 103
Consumption 107
Fuel 107
Industrial 111
Ethylene 111
ETBE 112
Acetic acid and esters 112
Other 112
Price 113
Trade 116
Other South America 116
Argentina 119
Chile 119
Colombia 119
Ecuador 120
Paraguay 120
Peru 121
Uruguay 121
Caribbean Basin 121
Western Europe 124
Producing companies 124
Salient statistics 135
Production 135
Synthetic 136
Fermentation 137
First-generation fermentation processes 137
Advanced/second-generation production 139
Consumption 139
Motor fuel 141
European legislation 144
Taxation 146
Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) 146
Direct blending 147
Solvent applications 148
Beverage/potable 149
Chemical raw materials 150
Acetic acid/vinegar 150
Ethyl acrylate 151
Acetaldehyde 151
Ethylamines 151
Ethyl acetate 152
Glycol ethers 152
Other 153
Price 153
Trade 154
Imports 154
Exports 155
Central Europe 156
Producing companies 156
Salient statistics 161
Bulgaria 162
Czechia 162
Hungary 162
Poland 162
Romania 163
Slovakia 163
Consumption 163
Fuel ethanol 164
Solvent applications 165
Potable alcohol beverages and raw materials for chemicals 165
Price 166
Trade 166
Imports 166
Exports 167
CIS and Baltic States 168
Producing companies 168
Salient statistics 171
Kazakhstan 171
Russia 171
Ukraine 172
Consumption 172
Motor fuel 173
Chemical raw materials 174
Price 174
Trade 174
Imports 174
Exports 175
Middle East 176
Producing companies 176
Salient statistics 178
Iran 178
Iraq 179
Israel 179
Oman 179
Saudi Arabia 179
Turkey 180
Price 180
Trade 181
Imports 181
Exports 182
Africa 183
Producing companies 183
Salient statistics 188
Angola 189
Egypt 189
Ethiopia 189
Ghana 190
Kenya 190
Malawi 190
Mozambique 191
Nigeria 191
Senegal 191
Sierra Leone 192
South Africa 192
Sudan 193
Zambia 193
Zimbabwe 193
Price 194
Trade 194
Imports 194
Exports 195
Indian Subcontinent 196
Producing companies 196
Salient statistics 205
Consumption 206
India 206
Pakistan 206
Price 207
Trade 207
Northeast Asia 207
Mainland China 207
Producing companies 207
Salient statistics 213
Consumption 213
Motor fuels 214
Alcoholic beverages 217
Solvent applications 217
Chemical raw materials 218
Other 219
Price 219
Trade 220
Japan 221
Producing companies 221
Salient statistics 223
Production 223
Consumption 224
Human consumption 225
Solvent applications 226
Chemical raw materials 226
Fuels 227
Price 228
Trade 228
Other Northeast Asia 229
Producing companies 229
Salient statistics 230
South Korea 230
Taiwan 231
Consumption 232
Price 232
Trade 232
Southeast Asia and Oceania 233
Producing companies 233
Salient statistics 238
Consumption 238
Indonesia 239
Malaysia 240
Philippines 240
Singapore 242
Thailand 242
Vietnam 244
Oceania 245
Australia 245
New Zealand 247
Appendix 249
Additional resources 250
Revisions 251
Data Workbook 252

Products & Solutions from related industries

Chemical Image

Acetic Acid - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Acetaldehyde - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Acetone - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Acetonitrile - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Acetic Anhydride - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Acetylene - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Acrylamide - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Acrylic Acid, Acrylate Esters and Polymers - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Acrylic and Modacrylic Fibers - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Acrylic Surface Coatings - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Resins -Chemical Economics Handbook-CEHl Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Acrylonitrile - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Activated Carbon - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Adipic Acid - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Air Separation Gases - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Alkyd/Polyester Surface Coatings - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Alkyl Acetates - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

Chemical Image

Alkylamines (C1-C6) - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH)

{"items" : [ {"name":"share","enabled":true,"desc":"<strong>Share</strong>","mobdesc":"Share","options":[ {"name":"facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3a%2f%2fssl.ihsmarkit.com%2fcommodityinsights%2fen%2fci%2fproducts%2fethanol-chemical-economics-handbook.html","enabled":true},{"name":"twitter","url":"https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3a%2f%2fssl.ihsmarkit.com%2fcommodityinsights%2fen%2fci%2fproducts%2fethanol-chemical-economics-handbook.html&text=Ethanol+-+Chemical+Economics+Handbook+(CEH)+%7c+S%26P+Global","enabled":true},{"name":"linkedin","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=http%3a%2f%2fssl.ihsmarkit.com%2fcommodityinsights%2fen%2fci%2fproducts%2fethanol-chemical-economics-handbook.html","enabled":true},{"name":"email","url":"?subject=Ethanol - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH) | S&P Global&body=http%3a%2f%2fssl.ihsmarkit.com%2fcommodityinsights%2fen%2fci%2fproducts%2fethanol-chemical-economics-handbook.html","enabled":true},{"name":"whatsapp","url":"https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=Ethanol+-+Chemical+Economics+Handbook+(CEH)+%7c+S%26P+Global http%3a%2f%2fssl.ihsmarkit.com%2fcommodityinsights%2fen%2fci%2fproducts%2fethanol-chemical-economics-handbook.html","enabled":true}]}, {"name":"rtt","enabled":true,"mobdesc":"Top"} ]}
Filter Sort
  • About S&P Global Commodity Insights
  • Media Center
  • Advertisers
  • Careers
  • Contact Us
  • History
  • Glossary
  • S&P Global Inc.
  • Our Values
  • Overview
  • Investor Relations
  • Customer Care & Sales
  • Careers
  • Our History
  • News Releases
  • Support by Division
  • Get Support
  • Corporate Responsibility
  • Ventures
  • Quarterly Earnings
  • Report an Ethics Concern
  • Leadership
  • Press
  • SEC Filings & Reports
  • Office Locations
  • IOSCO ESG Rating & Data Product Statements
  • © 2025 by S&P Global Inc. All rights reserved.
  • Terms of Use
  • Cookie Notice
  • Privacy Policy
  • Client Privacy Portal
  • Do Not Sell My Personal Information
  • Site Map