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Electronic Chemicals: Display Materials

Specialty Chemicals Update Program

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Published December 2023

Displays have become an essential part of both the professional and private lives of human beings all over the world. They are present in TVs, computers, mobile phones, automobiles and many other devices. In the last three decades, huge technological transformations have taken place. Flat-panel displays (FPD) have completely replaced cathode-ray tubes that had dominated the market during half a century.

This report covers the specialty chemicals and materials consumed in the production of flat panel displays. These include substrates, optical and functional films, liquid crystals, OLED materials, color filter resists, electrode materials and processing chemicals. The latter category includes photoresists, gases and wet-processing chemicals.

In 2022, consumption of optical and functional films accounted for the largest share of display materials market value, followed by substrates, processing chemicals, electrode materials, color filter resists, OLED materials and liquid crystals.

FPD technologies undergo fast transformations, driven by very dynamic consumer electronic markets, which are characterized by short product lifecycles. The rapid development of smartphones in the 2010s and the rapid progresses in high-resolution TV panels have boosted consumer demand growth for flat-panel displays. This strong demand growth and technological transformations have required many investments in production capacities for LCD and OLED panels. Virtually all these capacities were built in Northeast Asia, mainly in South Korea, Taiwan and mainland China.

The following pie chart shows world consumption of display materials:

Innovations in materials technologies have enabled the development of more energy-efficient LCD and OLED display panels with higher contrast, resolution and brightness. Displays have also become thinner and larger in the past 20 years. Those breakthroughs were made possible by the development of better-performing liquid crystals, OLED materials, optical films, color filter resists and substrates at many display materials manufacturers. Many chemical producers are still carrying out research and development on materials for future flat-panel displays will offer lower power consumption and better image quality, as well as for new applications such as transparent or flexible displays.

Because of their lower power consumption and better image, OLED displays have gained significant market share in the last decade. In the last five years, display chemicals producers have focused their R&D efforts and investments on products for OLED displays, especially on more efficient emitting materials. Therefore, consumption of display materials for OLED displays has been growing at a higher rate than for LCDs, and this trend will continue in the future.

For more detailed information, see the table of contents, shown below.

S&P Global’s Specialty Chemicals Update Program –Electronic Chemicals — Display Materials is the comprehensive and trusted guide for anyone seeking information on this industry. This latest report details global and regional information, including

Key benefits

S&P Global’s Specialty Chemicals Update Program –Electronic Chemicals — Display Materials has been compiled using primary interviews with key suppliers and organizations, and leading representatives from the industry in combination with S&P Global’s unparalleled access to upstream and downstream market intelligence and expert insights into industry dynamics, trade and economics.

This report can help you:

  • Identify the competitive environment and key players
  • Assess key issues facing both suppliers and their end-use customers
  • Understand industry integration strategies
  • Keep abreast of industry structure changes, regulatory requirements, and other factors affecting profitability
  • Identify new business opportunities and threats
  • Follow important commercial developments
  • Recognize trends and driving forces influencing specialty chemical markets
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Table of Contents

Executive summary9
Summary10
Abbreviations14
Overview of the flat panel industry17
Introduction 17
Technologies 17
Liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) 17
Types of LCDs 17
Design of LCDs 18
Backlight section 18
TFT array 19
Color filter 20
Optical films 21
QLED 21
Mini-LEDs 22
Light-emitting diodes (LED) 23
Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) 23
Micro-LED 25
Comparison of display technologies 26
Display manufacturers 27
LCD manufacturers 27
OLED panel manufacturers 29
Display production 30
LCD 32
OLED displays 32
Display markets 33
LCD markets 33
OLED display markets 34
Smartphone displays 35
TVs 35
Wearable displays 36
Trends and opportunities 36
Overview of the display materials industry38
Structure of the industry 38
Mergers and acquisitions 40
Company profiles 41
DuPont 41
Merck43
Asahi Glass 45
Sumitomo Chemical 46
LG Chem 47
Samsung SDI 48
Trends and opportunities 48
Display materials—product types and functions 50
Substrates 50
Glass substrate 50
Polymer substrates 51
Metal foil substrates 54
Optical and functional films for LCDs 55
Backlight unit films 55
Light guide plate (LGP) 56
Reflective film (RF) 57
Diffusion film (DF) 57
Brightness enhancement film (BEF) 58
Dual brightness enhancement film (DBEF) 59
Liquid crystal panel films 60
Linear polarizers 60
Protective film 60
Tri-acetyl cellulose (TAC) layer 60
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 61
TAC film as optical compensation film 61
Pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) 62
Release film 62
Alignment films 62
Planar alignment 62
Homeotropic alignment 62
Anisotropic conductive films 63
Optical and functional films for OLED displays 64
Circular polarizer 64
Anisotropic conductive films (ACF) 65
Thin film encapsulation (TFE) 65
Color filter 65
Black matrix 66
Colored subpixels 66
Black and colored resists 66
Overcoat 68
Photo-spacer (PS) 68
Liquid crystals 68
Passive-matrix LCD 70
Active-matrix LCD 72
Alignment of LC molecules 73
Synthesis of LC compounds 73
OLED materials 74
OLED electrode materials 75
Anode 75
Cathode 76
Small-molecule OLED 76
Hole injection layer (HIL) materials 76
Hole transport layer (HTL) materials 76
Emission layer (EML) materials 77
Electron transport layer (ETL) materials 81
Electron injection layer (EIL) materials 81
Electron blocking layer (EBL) and hole blocking layer (HBL) materials 81
Polymer OLED 81
Electrodes and conductive films 82
Electrode materials82
Transparent conductive films 82
Metal electrodes 83
Manufacturing process 83
Process chemicals 85
Photomasks 85
Photoresists 85
Processing gases 86
Wet-processing chemicals 88
Markets for display materials by region90
North America 90
Summary 90
Market participants 90
Europe 91
Summary 91
Market participants 92
Mainland China 93
Summary 93
Substrates 94
Consumption and markets 94
Market participants 95
Price 97
Optical and functional films 97
Consumption and markets 97
Market participants 98
Light guide plate (LGP) 98
Reflective, diffusion and brightness enhancement films (RF, DF, BEF) 99
Polarizers (PL) 100
Alignment film (AF) 102
Price 102
Liquid crystals 103
Consumption and markets 103
Market participants 103
Price 104
OLED organic materials 105
Consumption and markets 105
Market participants 106
Price 107
Electrode materials 107
Consumption and markets 107
Market participants 108
Price 110
Color filter resists 110
Consumption and markets 110
Market participants 110
Price 111
Process chemicals 111
Photoresists 112
Consumption and markets 112
Market participants 113
Price 115
Electronic gases 115
Consumption and markets 115
Market participants 115
Price 116
Wet-processing chemicals 116
Consumption and markets 116
Market participants 118
Price 120
Japan 120
Summary 120
Consumption and markets 121
Market participants 123
Substrates 123
Optical and functional films 124
Liquid crystals 125
Sputtering targets 125
OLED materials 126
Photoresists 127
Gases 127
Wet-processing chemicals 127
South Korea 128
Summary 128
Substrates 130
Consumption and markets 130
Market participants 132
Price 132
Optical and functional films 132
Consumption and markets 132
Market participants 134
Price 134
Liquid crystals 135
Consumption and markets 135
Price 135
OLED organic materials 135
Consumption and markets 135
Market participants 136
Price 137
Electrode materials 138
Consumption and markets 138
Market participants 138
Price 138
Color filter resists138
Consumption and markets 138
Market participants 139
Process chemicals139
Photoresists 139
Consumption and markets 139
Market participants 140
Price 140
Electronic gases 141
Consumption and markets 141
Market participants 141
Price 141
Wet-processing chemicals 142
Consumption and markets 142
Market participants 144
Price 144
Taiwan 144
Summary 144
Substrates 146
Consumption and markets 146
Market participants 146
Price 146
Optical and functional films 146
Consumption and markets 146
Market participants 147
Price 148
Liquid crystals 149
Consumption and markets 149
Price 149
OLED organic materials 149
Consumption and markets 149
Price 149
Electrode materials 149
Consumption and markets 149
Market participants 150
Price 150
Color filter resists 150
Consumption and markets 150
Process chemicals 150
Photoresists 150
Consumption and markets 150
Market participants 151
Price 151
Electronic gases 151
Consumption and markets 151
Market participants 151
Price 152
Wet-processing chemicals 152
Consumption and markets 152
Market participants 153
Price 153
Southeast Asia and South Asia 154
Summary 154
Consumption and markets 154
Market participants 156
Revisions157
Data Workbook158

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