Table of Contents
Section Page Number
INTRODUCTION1
SUMMARY 3
Production, Markets, and Prices 3
Production Processes and Costs 3
Concentration 5
Purification 6
By-Product Recovery 6
INDUSTRY STATUS 7
Phosphoric Acid Production 7
Phosphoric Acid Uses 12
Phosphoric Acid Price 13
Phosphate Rock 14
Raw Material Prices 15
CHEMISTRY OF PHOSPHORIC ACID17
Sulphuric Acid Decomposition of Phosphate Rock 17
Phosphoric Acid Chemistry 18
Wet Process Phosphoric Acid 19
PHOSPHORIC ACID BY THE DIHYDRATE PROCESS 21
Review of Processes 21
Process Variations 23
Recent Developments 23
Process Description 25
Process Discussion 30
Cost Estimates 30
PHOSPHORIC ACID BY THE SEMIHYDRATE-DIHYDRATE PROCESS 39
Review of Processes 39
Japanese Developments 40
Process Description 41
Process Discussion 42
Cost Estimates 48
Discussion of Costs 51
PHOSPHORIC ACID BY THE ANHYDRITE LEACH PROCESS 53
Review of Processes 53
Tennessee Valley Work 53
Process Description 54
Process Discussion 54
Cost Estimates 54
PHOSPHORIC ACID BY TBE HYDROCHLORIC ACID PROCESS 65
Chemistry of Hydrochloric Acid Process 65
Review of Processes 66
Process Description 68
Process Discussion 68
Cost Estimates 74
OTHER PROCESSES 85
Anhydrite Process 85
Nitric Acid Process 86
WET PROCESS ACID CONCENTRATION 89
Review of Processes 89
Process Description 97
Process Discussion 97
Cost Estimates 104
PURIFICATION OF WET PROCESS PHOSPHORIC ACID 109
Specifications 109
Review of Processes 110
Process Description 114
Process Discussion 118
Cost Estimates 119
BY-PRODUCT RECOVERY 125
Vanadium 125
Uraniam 125
Gypsum 126
Fluorine 126
Review of Processes 127
Process Description 128
Process Discussion 134
Cost Estimates 136
APPENDIXA DESIGN AND COST BASIS 143
APPENDIX B PHYSICALDATA 147
APPENDIX C ANALYSIS AND SPECIFICATIONS 153
APPENDIX D HANDLING AND SAFETY159
REFERENCES 163
